In alphabetical order by author's last name
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Special thanks to Mary Bedard for her input with this list.
A - F
Adams, Jane Meredith (2001). "From Hurt to Healing." Health, p. 120 (article about Topher Delaney).
Adler, Jane (2002). "Environment May Play Part in Healing Elderly." Chicago Tribune. November 17.
Aiken, Kelly, Caru Bowns, Mark Fellinger, and Mark Francis. Healing Environments: A Collection of Case Studies. University of California, Davis: Center for Design Research, 1995.
Alexander, Christopher, Sara Ishikawa, and Murray Silverstein (1977). A Pattern Language. New York: Oxford University Press.
Alvarez, Lizette (2004). "Where the Healing Touch Starts with Hospital Design." The New York Times. September 7.
Appleton, Jay (1996). The Experience of Landscape. Chichester, New York: Wiley & Sons.
Aronson, Deb (2003). "How Nature Heals Us." Science & Spirit, July/August.
Ashmun, Barbara Blossom (2000). Garden Retreats: Creating an Outdoor Sanctuary. San Francisco: Chronicle Books.
Barnes, Marni (1996). "The Process of Emotional Restoration in Outdoor Settings." In C. Wagner (Ed.) Proceedings of the 1996 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Landscape Architects.
Barnes, Marni (1994). "A Study of the Process of Emotional Healing in Outdoor Spaces and the Concomitant Landscape Design Implications." Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
Barnhart, S., N. H. Perkins, and J. FitzSimons (1998). "Behavioural and Setting Preferences at a Psychiatric Hospital." Landscape and Urban Planning, Vol. 42, Nos. 2-4, pp. 147-157.
Barrett, Marilyn (1992). Creating Eden: The Garden as a Healing Space. San Francisco: HarperCollins.
Beckwith, Margarette E. and Susan D. Gilster (1997). "The Paradise Garden: A Model Garden Design for Those with Alzheimer's Disease." Published simultaneously "Activities, Adaptation & Aging" and "Horticultural Therapy and the Older Adult Population" Suzanne E. Wills (Ed.) Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc., Vol 22. No. 1/2, pp. 3-16.
Beckwith, Margarette E. and Susan D. Gilster (1997). "The Paradise Garden: A Model for Designing for Those with Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, Vol VIII, pp. 45-52.
Beckwith, Margarette E. (1999). "Case Study of the Alois Alzheimer Center Courtyard Garden." in Chapter 9, "Alzheimer's Treatment Gardens" Clare Cooper Marcus and Marni Barnes (Eds.) Healing Gardens, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Bedard, Mary (2000). Healthy Landscapes: Guidelines for Therapeutic City Form. Unpublished Master's Thesis, University of California, Davis.
Bite, I. and M. J. Lovering (1984). "Design Open Doors for the Elderly." Landscape Architecture, November/December, pp. 79-81.
Bogers, R.J. (2005). Farming for Health. (Proceedings of the Frontis Workshop on Farming for Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands 16-19 March 2005).
For more information, visit the Farming for Health website:
http://library.wur.nl/frontis/farming_for_health/
Bowers, Deborah Ann (2003). "Incorporating Restorative Experiential Qualities and Key Landscape Attributes to Enhance the Restorative Experience in Healing Gardens Within Health Care Settings." Thesis for Master of Science in Landscape Architecture at Washington State University, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture.
Click HERE to view a PDF of the thesis.
Bowns, Caru & Brian Collett (1996). A Landscape Vocabulary of Healing Environments. University of California, Davis: Department of Environmental Design.
Boyer, M. Christine (1994). The City of Collective Memory. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Brawley, Elizabeth (2005). Design Innovations for Aging and Alzheimer’s. David Kamp, contributor. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Brechin, Gray (1990). "Grace Merchant and the Global Garden," in Francis, Mark and Randolph Hester (Eds.). The Meaning of Gardens. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 226-229.
Bressi, Todd (2001). "Place Research: Healing Gardens." Places, Vol. 14, No. 1, Winter, pp. 26-29 (2000 EDRA/Places Place Research Award).
Browning, Dominique (2005). A "barrier free" garden designed by Deborah Nevins for a Chicago, Illinios family, in The New Garden Paradise: Great Private Gardens of the World. New York, London: W.W. Norton & Company, pp. 144-157. "Their child's mobility was limited by his reliance on a wheelchair or walker, so they wanted a garden that the whole family could enjoy on an equal footing."
Brunton, Laurie and Erin Fournier (1999). Sanctuary: Gardening for the Soul. New York, NY: Michael Friedman Publishing Group, Inc.
Burnett, J.D. (1997). "Therapeutic Effects of Landscape Architecture." in Marberry, Sara. O. (Ed.). Healthcare Design. New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 255-274.
Burnett, James (2003). "Healing Gardens?" Healthcare Design, May, pp. 21-23 ("The healing garden is not just another pretty picture: design for the healthcare environment requires more").
Burt, Virginia (1998). "Achieving Spiritual Balance within the Spatial Landscapes of a Healing Garden." Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, Vol. IX, American Horticultural Therapy Association, pp.66-69
Burt, Virginia T. (2000). "The Comfort of Nature: Restorative Environments: Design for Human Health." Landscapes/Paysages, Vol. 2, No. 1, Winter/Hiver, p. 7.
Butterfield, D. W. (1982). "Outdoor Spaces Surrounding Group Homes for the Developmentally Disabled Adult." Master of Architecture Thesis, University of Illinois, Department of Landscape Architecture, Urbana, IL.
Cackowski, Jean Marie and Sally Augustin (2004). "The Research Connection." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 94, NO. 5, May, pp. 96-101. (One study focuses on gardens for dementia care.)
Calkins, Meg (1988). Design for Dementia: Planning Environments for the Elderly and Confused. Owings Mills, MD: William & Wilkins.
Campbell, Sheila et al. (1991). Health, Disease and Healing in Medieval Culture. New York: St. Martin's.
Carman, Jack (1998). "Exploring Nature within the Grounds of a Senior Residence: Taking resident activities outside." Assisted Living Success Magazine, May.
Carman, Jack (1999). "The Healing Power of Gardens." The Directors and Officers Forum, Spring.
Carman, Jack (1999). "The Outdoors Offers an Array of Therapeutic Benefits." Parent Care Advisor, August.
Carman, Jack (2000). "Nature by Design: Well planned gardens confer a host of benefits to senior housing residents." Nursing Home Long Term Care Magazine, Design issue, March.
Carman, Jack (2000). "Summer Fun: Let creativity guide you in planning activities for the person with Alzheimer's" Advances Newsletter, The Alzheimer's Association, Summer.
Carman, Jack (2001). "Raised Planters for the Senior Gardener." Nursing Home Long Term Care Magazine, Design issue, March.
Carpman, Janet, Myron Grant, and Deborah Simmons (1993). Design That Cares: Planning Health Facilities for Patients and Visitors. Chicago: American Hospital Association.
Carr, Stephen, Mark Francis, Leanne Rivlin, and Andrew Stone (1992). Public Space. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Carstens, Diane Y. (1985). Site Planning and Design for the Elderly: Issues, Guidelines and Alternatives. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Carstens, Diane Y. (1990). "Housing and Outdoor Spaces for the Elderly." Chapter 5 in Clare Cooper Marcus and Mark Francis (Eds.) People Places, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Cekic, Milosav (2003). "Why I Designed Cancer Parks." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, No. 5, May, pp. 62-68 & 98-100.
Chalfont, Garuth (2007). Design for Nature in Dementia Care. Philadelphia, PA: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
For more information, visit the publisher's website:
http://www.jkp.com/catalogue/book.php/isbn/9781843105718
Chambers, Nancy (2003). "Horticultural Therapy and Infection Control in the Healthcare Environment." Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, Volume XIV, pp. 56-61.
Chambers, Nancy K., Sonja Johansson, and Donna M. Walcavage (1996). "Classroom? Playground? Garden? Or Clinic?" Journal of Therapeutic Horticulture, Vol. VIII, pp. 83-87.
Chambers, Nancy K. and Sonja Johansson (2000). "A Children's PlayGarden at a Rehabilitation Hospital: A Successful Collaboration Produces a Successful Outcome." Proceedings from the Sixth Annual People-Plant Symposium, Glencoe, Illinois, July.
Chapman, Nancy, Teresia Hazen, and Eunice Noell-Waggoner (2005). "Encouraging Development and Use of Gardens by Caregivers of People with Dementia." Alzheimer's Care Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 4. Also summarized by Research Design Connections in Landscape Architecture Magazine, August 2006, Vol. 96, No. 8, p. 73.
Cherry, Charles L. (1989). A Quiet Haven: Quakers, Moral Treatment, and Asylum Reform. Rutherford, NJ: Farleigh Dickenson University Press.
Collins, Belinda L. (1975). "Windows and People: A Literature Survey, Psychological Reaction to Environments with and Without Windows." National Bureau of Standards Science Series 70, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce.
Connor, David (2006). "Reflection on Healing." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 96, No. 3, March, pp. 34-38 ("A landscape architect tells how he designed Tampa's cancer survivor's park.")
Cooper Marcus, Clare and Terry Hartig (2006). "Healing Gardens — Places for Nature in Health Care." The Lancet, special issue on Medicine and Creativity, Vol. 368, December.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2006). "Life Support: Creating a Prison Hospice Garden." Frameworks (Alumni Magazine of College of Environmental Design, University of California, Berkeley), October.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2006). Habitat et Nature: Du pragmatique au spirituel (papers published 1970–2000, translated into French by Irène de Charrière), Gollion, Switzerland: Infolio.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2006). “Post Occupancy Evaluation” in Landscape Architectural Graphic Standards, (Ed.) Len Hopper, New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2006). Forward to Susan Rodiek and Benyamin Schwarz (Eds.), The Role of the Outdoors in Residential Environments for Aging, New York: The Haworth Press, Inc.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2006). “Healing Gardens in Hospitals” in The Architecture of Hospitals, (Ed.) Cor Wagenaar, Rotterdam, The Netherlands: NAi Publishers.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2006). “Gardens as Treatment Milieu: Two Swedish Gardens Counteract the Effects of Stress.” Landscape Architecture, Vol. 96, No. 5, May.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2005). “Help with Healing.” Green Places (inc. Landscape Design, UK), Issue 20, November.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2005). “Good (Not So Clean) Fun.” Landscape Architecture, Vol. 95, no. 12, December (“Hamill Family Play Zoo encourages children to use their imaginations in adventure play”).
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2005). "No Ordinary Garden." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 95, No. 3, March, pp. 26-39 ("Alzheimer's and other patients find refuge in a Michigan dementia-care facility").
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2004). “Critical Opinion: The Royal Alexandra Children’s Hospital,” Landscape Australia, February.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2004). “The use and design of hospital courtyards.” HD: The Journal for Healthcare Design and Development. (UK), February.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2003). “Shared Outdoor Spaces and Community Life.” Places: A Quarterly Journal of Environmental Design, Vol. 15, No. 2.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2003). “Unexpected Company.” Landscape Architecture, June (“A redesigned urban square attempts to serve the needs of Oakland’s homeless community and downtown office workers”).
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2003). "Healing Havens." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, No. 8, August, pp. 85-91 & 107-109 ("Two hospital gardens in Portland, Oregon win awards for therapeutic values").
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2003). “A Still Imperfect Union: Appraising the Redesign of San Francisco’s famous square,” Landscape Architecture, December.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2002). “Healing Gardens: What they are and how to create them.” Health Facilities Management magazine, May.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2001). "Hospital Oasis." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 91, No. 10, pp. 36-99 ("Through a participatory design process, a failed Tommy Church garden in San Francisco is reconfigured as an exemplary therapeutic landscape").
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2001). “For Children Only." Landscape Architecture, December ("A London playground challenges preconceptions on which most American playgrounds are designed)”.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (2000). “Act of Healing." Landscape Architecture, November ("At the National AIDS Memorial Grove, restoring a landscape has helped comfort and restore those touched by AIDS)”.
Cooper Marcus, Clare and Marni Barnes, Eds. (1999). Healing Gardens: Therapeutic Benefits and Design Recommendations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1999 (Received the 2000 EDRA/Places "Place Research" Award; see Bressi, Todd).
Cooper Marcus, Clare and Carolyn Francis, Eds. (1999). People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Revised 2nd Edition.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (1998). “Healing Gardens: The restorative potential of outdoor space in healthcare settings.” Interior Expressions, November.
Cooper Marcus, Clare and Carolyn Francis (1998). "Post-Occupancy Evaluation." Chapter 8 in People Places: Design Guidelines for Urban Open Space. 2nd ed., New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (1997). “Nature As Healer,” Nordic Journal of Architectural Research.
Cooper Marcus, Clare and Marni Barnes (1996). "Understanding and Applying the Therapeutic Benefits of Gardens." Journal of Healthcare Design VIII.
Cooper Marcus, Clare and Marni Barnes (1995). Gardens in Healthcare Facilities: Uses, Therapeutic Benefits, and Design Recommendations. Martinez, CA: The Center for Health Design.
Cooper Marcus, Clare (1995). House As A Mirror of Self: Exploring the Deeper Meaning of Home. Berkeley, CA: Conari Press.
Cooper Marcus, Clare and Wendy Sarkissian (1986). Housing As If People Mattered: Site Design Guidelines for Medium-Density Family Housing. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Crisp, Barbara (1998). Human Spaces: Life-Enhancing Designs for Healing, Working, and Living. Gloucester, MA: Rockport Publishers, Inc.
Dannenmaier, Molly (1995). "Healing Gardens." Landscape Architecture,, Vol. 85, No. 1, pp. 56-80.
Donald, Caroline (2001). "What the Doctors Ordered." The Sunday Times, Style Section, November 11, p. 40. ("A group of medics and artists has transformed an Oxfordshire wilderness into a healing rural retreat.")
Dorian, Donna (2006)."True Blue." Garden Design, #137, April, p. 36 ("Landscape architect Topher Delaney creates a sanctuary sarden for the force").
Drabelle, Dennis (1990). "Beyond Shuffleboard: Designing Outdoor Spaces for the Elderly." in The Art of Landscape Architecture: Projects funded by grants from the Design Arts Program National Endowment for the Arts." Washington, D.C.: Partners for Livable Places, pp. 52-57.
Eagle, Amy (2005). "Garden Variety - Project team’s
creativity blooms to eliminate institutional feel." Health Facilities Management, September, p. 2.
(About Grissim Metz Andriese Associates' William Beaumont Hospital).
Easton, Valerie (2005). "Respite on the Roof," The Seattle Times. ("A garden offers oasis from the ravages of cancer.") Read the article online: http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/pacificnw12112005/plantlife.html
Easton, Valerie (2003). "Havens of Healing," The Seattle Times. ("Daniel Winterbottom's gardens comfort the stressed-out as well as the sick.") http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/pacificnw/2003/0223/living.html
Epstein, Mark (1997). "What is a Therapeutic Garden?" Oregon Land, ASLA Oregon Chapter, Winter.
Epstein, Mark (co-author) (1997). "Therapeutic Gardens." Oregon's Journal of Aging, Oregon Alliance of Senior and Health Services, Winter.
Epstein, Mark (2003). "Getting Serious About Therapeutic Practice." Landscape Architecture, Letter to the Editor, Vol. 93, No. 10, October, p. 49.
Epstein, Mark (1999). "Therapeutic Gardens in the Acute-Care Setting." Landscape Architecture Technical Information Series, American Society of Landscape Architects, August.
Esposito, Thomas J. (2003). "A Personal View of 'Healing' Gardens." Landscape Architecture, Letter to the Editor, Vol. 93, No. 10, October, 2003, p. 48.
Ewan, Rebecca Fish (2003). "Prescription for Healing." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, No. 2, February, pp. 59-65 & 86-88 (article about Richard Bloch's cancer survivors parks).
Ewan, Joseph M. and Rebecca Fish (2004). "The Butterfly Effect." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 94, No. 11, November, pp. 44-51 ("Can the modern example of the Elsie McCarthy Sensory Garden mitigate the glut of sensory-starved urban landscapes?").
Fleming, Randall (1997). UC Davis Medical Center Pedestrian Circulation Study: Phase II. University of California, Davis: Community Design and Planning Services (CDPS).
Forsyth, Ann and Katherine Crewe (2004). "Six Approaches to Landscape Architecture." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 94, NO. 5, May, pp. 36-47. (One of the "six approaches" is "Spiritual Landscapes.")
Francis, Carolyn & Clare Cooper Marcus (1991). "Places People Take Their Problems." Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Environmental Design Research Association, Mexico.
Francis, Carolyn and Clare Cooper Marcus (1991). "Places People Take Their Problems." EDRA Proceedings.
Francis, Carolyn and Clare Cooper Marcus (1992). "Restorative Places: Environment and Emotional Well-Being." EDRA Proceedings.
Francis, Mark and Randolph Hester (Eds.) (1990). The Meaning of Gardens. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Francis, Mark, Patricia Lindsey, and Jay Rice (Eds.) (1994). Healing Dimensions of People-Plant Relations. University of California, Davis: Center for Design Research.
Fried, Marc (1982). "Residential Attachment: Sources of Residential and Community Satisfaction." Journal of Social Issues, p. 38.
Galbraith, J. and Westphal, J. (2003). "Therapeutic Garden Design: Martin Luther Alzheimer Garden." Juried Abstract and Presentation. Charleston, SC: Proceedings of the Council of Educators in Landscape Architecture.
Gerlach-Spriggs, Nancy, Richard Enoch Kaufman and Sam Bass Warner, Jr. (1998). Restorative Gardens: The Healing Landscape. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press.
Gerlach-Spriggs, Nancy J. "Infection Control and Therapeutic Gardens: A Survey of Policies and Practice." Abstract in Candice Shoemaker (Ed), Interaction by Design, p. 305.
Gerteis, M., Edgman-Levitan, S., Daley, J. and T.L. Delbanco (Eds.) (1993). Through the Patient's Eyes: Understanding and Promoting Patient-Centered Care. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Gilmer, Maureen (1997). Rooted in the Spirit: Exploring Inspirational Gardens. Dallas: Taylor Publishing Company.
Goltsman, S., et al. (1992). The Accessibility Checklist: An Evaluation System for Buildings and Outdoor Settings. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications.
Goode, Erica (1995). "The Nature of Health." Mirabella, No. 72, May, pp. 82-84.
Grant, Charlotte F. "The Healing Garden: Incorporating Garden Experience in Hospitals and Other Health Care Facilities." Masters Dissertation, Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA.
Green, Lee (2000). "Learning by Doing." Spirit, (Southwest Airlines' magazine), pp. 30-34 (article on "Food From the Hood," a student-owned garden and salad dressing business in South Central Los Angeles).
Greenberg, Mike (1995). The Poetics of Cities: Designing Neighborhoods that Work. Columbus, OH: Ohio State University Press.
Guthrie, Molly (2000). "Therapeutic Side of Gardening." The Hartford Courant, July 22.
Hagedorn, R. (1990). "Occupational Therapy and Environmental Consciousness." Landscape Design, No. 189, April, pp. 21-22.
Hammatt, Heather (2002). "A World Outside." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 92, No. 5, May, pp. 74-81 ("Landscape Architects design a detailed roof garden, providing a natural escape for patients and families at St. Louis Children's Hospital").
Hammatt, Heather (2002). "Judging Success." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 92, No. 11, November, pp. 34-40 (ASLA Student Design Competition Awards, including designs for healing gardens).
Hammerslough, J. (1997). "The Children's Hour: A Garden Offers Time to Heal." Garden Design, June/July, p. 50 (article about Douglas Reed's children's healing garden).
Hartig, Terry M., Gary W. Evans, and Marlis Mang (1991). "Restorative Effects of Natural Environmental Experiences." Environment and Behavior, Vol. 23, pp. 3-26.
Hayden, Dolores (1995). The Power of Place. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Heath, Yuko and Robert Gifford (2001). "Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Therapeutic Gardens in a Multi-Level Care Facility for the Aged." Activities, Adaptation & Aging, Vol. 25, No. 02_02, pp. 21-43.
Heathcote, Edwin (2005). "When Architecture Meets Healing," Financial Times, U.K., November. Link to the article: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/374ffa48-5db1-11da-be9c-0000779e2340.html?nclick_check=1
Hebert, Bonnie B. (2003). "Design Guidelines of a Therapeutic Garden for Autistic Children." Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis for Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College.
Click HERE to link to a pdf of the thesis.
Abstract: This study establishes a set of guidelines for designing a therapeutic garden for autistic children. To understand how a garden may provide benefit, the literature on healing gardens is reviewed. The history of gardens in hospital settings and other healthcare institutions is examined. In addition, published work on the effects of nature on stress and health outcomes and theories as to why nature is restorative is included in the review of the literature. Because the focus of the study is outdoor environments for autistic children, published works on childrenÕs outdoor environments and the topic of play are reviewed as well.
The nature of autism and its characteristics are studied to determine the strengths, deficits, and needs of the autistic child as well as current treatment methodologies in use today including whether these treatments would lend themselves to an outdoor environment.
Informal interviews with professionals who work with autistic children on a daily basis give insight into these treatment methodologies. A field study conducted at a facility for autistic children in New Orleans allowed observations of autistic children and the professionals who work with them providing first hand information about the nature of autism and implementation of treatment methodologies.
Based on the extensive literature review, informal interviews, the field study, direct observation, and the writerÕs own experience of teaching autistic children in New Orleans for a year, design guidelines are established.
Henry, Carol (2003). "Accessible Fun." Landscape Architecture Vol. 93, NO. 12, December, pp. 32-36 (article on a "sensory park" in Denver, CO).
Herzog, Thomas and Anna Bryce (2007). "Mystery and Preference in Within-Forest Settings." Environment and Behavior, Vol. 39, No. 6.
Hines, Susan (2008). "A Garden in Every Plot." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 98, No. 1, January, pp. 80-85. ("Julie Moir Messervy takes her message to the masses.")
Hines, Susan (2005). "In Search of Healing Gardens." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 95, No. 12, December, pp. 108-113. ("Horticultural Therapist Teresia Hazen went looking for healing gardens at the National Institutes of Health. What she found was a mixed bag.")
Hinshaw, Mark (2003). "Fenceless in Seattle." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, No. 9, September, pp. 142-144 ("What had to happen before an urban medical center removed the barriers that kept the homeless out of its institutional landscape?").
Hiss, Tony (1990). The Experience of Place. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Holohan, C.J. ((1976). "Environmental Change in a Psychiatric Setting: A Social Systems Analysis." Human Relations, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 153-167.
Horne, Paula, Peter Boxall, and Wiktor Adamowicz (2005). "Multiple-Use Management of Forest Recreation Sites: A Spatially Explicit Choice Experiment." Forest Ecology and Management, Vol. 207. Summarized in Research Design Connections by Jean Marie Cackowski and Sally Augustin, www.ResearchDesignConnections.com.Note: In this Finnish study, researchers found that participants chose as their favorite landscapes those with familiar scenery and less biodiversity over landscapes rich in species. This type of study, though not specific to healthcare environments, can nevertheless be important for informing research-based design.
Howe-Colt, G. (1996). "The Healing Revolution." Life Magazine, September, pp. 34-50.
Howett, Catherine (1990). "Gardens Are Good Places for Dying." in Francis, Mark and Randolph Hester (Eds.) The Meaning of Gardens. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 252-257.
Huelat, Barbara J. (2007). Wayfinding: Design for Understanding. Center for Health Design Position Paper, October. Click here to access a pdf of the paper: http://www.healthdesign.org/advocacy/adgroups/documents/WayfindingPositionPaper_000.pdf
Hunt, Anne (2008). "Certification Course Offers Insight and Inspiration on Healthcare Garden Design." Article about Chicago Botanic Garden's Healthcare Garden Design Certification Program.
Click HERE to view or download the PDF.
Jaret, Peter (2007). "Reap the Benefits of Gardening." Martha Stewart Living, March, pp. 134-136. Click HERE to read the article online.
Jay, Roni. Gardens of the Spirit. Sterling Publisher's Co., Inc.
Johansson, Sonja (In Press). "Rusk Children's PlayGarden for Interactive Therapeutic Play." in Educational Facilities: The American Institute of Architects Exemplary Learning Environment Program, The Images Publishing Group PTY, LTD.
Johansson, Sonja and Nancy K. Chambers (2001). "Creating Outdoor Natural Play Environments for Disabled Children's Rehabilitation." Proceedings from the ASLA Annual Meeting, September.
Johansson, Sonja and Nancy K. Chambers (In Press). "A Children's PlayGarden at a Rehabilitation Hospital." Landscape Architecture Technical Information Series, American Society of Landscape Architects.
Jost, Daniel (2008). "Too Cool (Just) for School." Landscape Architecture, August, Vol. 98, No. 8, pp. 40-56. ("In Denver, a university-sponsored initiative is renovating schoolyards and opening them to the community as parks.")
See the Learning Landscapes website for more information:
www.learninglandscapes.org
Julien, Andrew (1999). "The Architecture of Dying." The Hartford Courant, December 27, pp. A1, A9 (article on the controversy over a hospice's move to a new building in Hartford, CT).
Kalb, Claudia and Vanessa Juarez (2005). "Into the Wild: A Scientific Approach." Newsweek, December 19. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10413803/site/newsweek/from/RL.1/
Kamp, David (2006). "An Expanding Horizon – Gardens for Everyone." The Public Garden, a quarterly journal of the American Public Garden Association, July.
Kamp, David (2005). "Beyond the View: A Collaborative Approach in Creating Useful Outdoor Spaces for Aging Populations." Alzheimer’s Care Quarterly, October/December.
Kamp, David (2005). "Hospital, Heal Thyself: Greening the Design and Construction of Healthcare Facilities." Environmental Building News, June.
Kamp, David (1996). "Healing Environments: Restorative Gardens." Loeb Fellowship Forum Magazine, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Spring/Summer, pp. 4-6.
Kaplan, Rachel (1973). "Some Psychological Benefits of Gardening." Environment and Behavior, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 145-61.
Kaplan, Rachel and Stephen (1992). "The Restorative Environment: Nature and Human Experience." The Role of Horticulture in Human Well-Being and Social Development, Portland, OR: Timber Press.
Kaplan, Rachel and Stephen (1989). The Experience of Nature. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Kaplan, Rachel and Stephen (1990). "Restorative Experience: The Healing Power of Nearby Nature," in Francis, Mark and Randolph Hester (Eds.) The Meaning of Gardens. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 238-243.
Kaplan, Rachel, Stephen Kaplan, and Robert L. Ryan (1998). With People in Mind: Design and Management of Everyday Nature. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Kaplan, Stephen and Jane Talbot (1983). "Psychological Benefits of a Wilderness Experience." In I. Altman and J. F. Wohlwil (Eds.) Behavior and Natural Environment. NY: Plenum.
Kavasch, E. Barrie (2002). The Medicine Wheel Garden: Creating Sacred Space for Healing, Celebration, and Tranquility. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
Kellert, Stephen R. and Edward O. Wilson (Eds.) (1993). The Biophilia Hypothesis. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Kimball, Lidia Stone, ASLA (2006). “The Healing Garden at Providence Hospital.” ASLA Healthcare and Therapeutic Garden Professional Practice Network Newsletter, Spring: http://host.asla.org/groups/tgdpigroup/TGD_SP06.final.pdf
Kovary, Myra M. (1999). "Healing Landscapes: Design Guidelines for Mental Health Facilities." Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis, Cornell University.
Note: A similar version of Kovary's thesis was published with the same title as Chapter 12 of Shoemaker, Candice A. (Ed.) (2002) Interaction by Design: Bringing People and Plants Together for Health and Well-Being. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press.
If you would like an electronic copy of this thesis, email the author, Myra Kovary
Leccese, Michael (1995). "Nature Meets Nurture." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 85, No. 1, January, pp. 68-71 (article about St. Michael Hospital).
Lepore, Andrea (2003). "Journey of the Heart." West of the City, July/August ("Virginia Burt combines her spirit and knowledge of design to create unique spiritual healing gardens").
Lewis, Charles A. (1973). "People-Plant Interaction: A New Horticultural Perspective." American Horticulturalist, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 18-24.
Lewis, Charles A. (1979). "Healing in the Urban Environment: A Person/Plant Perspective." Journal of the American Planning Association, No. 45, pp. 330-338.
Lewis, Charles A. (1990). "Gardening as Healing Process," in Francis, Mark and Randolph Hester (Eds.) The Meaning of Gardens. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 244-251.
Lewis, Charles A. (1996). Green Nature/Human Nature: The Meaning of Plants in Our Lives. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Lewis, Charles A. "Human Health and Well-being: The Psychological, Physiological, and Sociological Effects of Plants on People." Acta Horticulturae, Vol. 391, pp. 31-39.
Lindemuth, Amy L. (2006). "SOU Courtyard Garden: Designing a Therapeutic Environment for Corrections Staff and Mentally Ill Offenders." Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis, University of Washington 2006.
This is a design thesis and includes design of a real site at a prison in WA state with literature and historical review.
If you would like an electronic copy of this thesis, email the author, Amy Lindemuth
Lindemuth, Amy L. (2007). "Designing Therapeutic Environments for Inmates and Prison Staff in the United States: Precedents and Contemporary Applications." Journal of Mediterranean Ecology, Vol. 8: 87-97.
Click on the link below to view the paper:
http://www.jmecology.com/%5Cpdf%5C2007%5C87-97%20Lindemuth.pdf
Abstract
American correctional facilities are stressful social environments within stark institutional settings. Although these settings are experienced by millions of inmates and staff every day and have negative effects on health, the restorative and therapeutic benefits that the architecture and landscape could provide are rarely given careful consideration by designers and other individuals involved in their planning, construction, or administration. Research has shown that gardens and natural settings can be physically and psychologically beneficial for inmates and prison staff in terms of reducing stress and alleviating mental fatigue. While gardens have been used in U.S. prisons since at least the 19th century for vocational training and therapy, their design has received little consideration. Further, the design and process of creating a garden with restorative and therapeutic qualities in a prison environment has received little attention in the Landscape Architecture literature. This paper discusses the potential benefits of prison gardens as well as the elements necessary to design, implement, and maintain a successful prison garden project. Research into historic and contemporary precedents of prison gardens is discussed as well as the authorÕs experience developing a design for prison staff and mentally ill inmates within a state facility northeast of Seattle, Washington.
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(William Beaumont Hospital South Tower Addition: Atrium Gardens With Spaces for Respite and Play).
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Click HERE to view or download the PDF.
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A pdf of this and other articles can be found at:
http://www.konrad-neuberger.de/english/angebote/artikel/index_artikel.html
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Perkins, N. H. (1999). "Psychiatric Hospital Environments." Case Study in Clare Cooper Marcus and Marni Barnes (Eds.) Healing Gardens. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Pliska, Shane (2005). "Helping to Heal: Therapeutic Garden Design,"INTERIORSCAPE magazine. November/December, pp. 16-22.
Click HERE to view a PDF of the article, or you can view the article online at: http://www.planterra.com/research/article_therapeutic.php
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Relf, Diane (Ed.) (1992). The Role of Horticulture in Human Well-Being and Social Development. Portland, OR: Timber Press.
Richmond, Holly (2005). "Healing Gardens." Contract Magazine, October, p. 62.
Ridgers, Nicola, Gareth Stratton, Stuart Fairclough, and Jos Twisk. (2007). "Long-Term Effects of Playground Markings and Physical Structures on Children's Recess Physical Activity Levels." Preventive Medicine, Vol. 44.
Roets, Susan (2006). "Healthcare and Landscape Architecture: Investigation and Design at an Assisted Living Home to Promote Healthy Aging."
Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY.
Click HERE to link to a pdf of the thesis.
Abstract: This research study investigates the person-environment relationship among older people residing in an Assisted Living Facility with the intention to raising awareness of the importance of our elders and their environment. The findings that have developed from this study are aimed to encourage caregivers to provide environments that promote health and support dignified aging. This study uses observations, questionnaires, and interviews as strategies to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of the outdoor space at an assisted living facility. The information gathered reveals the needs and issues of the facility stakeholders. Synthesis of the findings that develop from on-site investigation and reviewed case studies was used to develop a design solution that meets the needs of the users and improves the therapeutic value of the outdoor environment.
Rogers, Juliet L., PhD (2006). "The Debate over Decorative Fountains in Healthcare Environments: How Great is the Infection Control Risk?" Research Design Connections, Winter.
Click HERE to view a PDF of the article.
Rojas-Burke, Joe (2006). "Therapist cultivates patients' recovery by taking them into the garden," The Oregonian.
Click HERE to view a PDF of the article.
Rothert, Gene (2000). "Create an Enabling Garden." Fine Gardening, No. 72, March-April, pp. 58-61.
Rothert, Gene. The Enabling Garden: Creating Barrier-Free Gardens.
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Russell, Sabin (1999). "Pediatric Hospice May Be a First." San Francisco Chronicle, October 19, pp. A17-18 (article about pediatric hospice in San Leandro, CA with a design "inspired by the English pediatric hospice system," including a strong emphasis on the garden).
Ryan, Leslie (1995). "Three Gardens for Regina Margherita Hospital/Church of St. Cosimato." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 85, No. 12, p. 57.
Sachs, Naomi (1999). "Psychiatric Hospitals." Chapter 6 in Clare Cooper Marcus & Marni Barnes (Eds.) Healing Gardens. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 235-322.
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Sachs, Naomi (2003). "Healing Landscapes." arcCA, Vol. 03.4, pp. 36-39 & 51.
Sacks, Oliver (1993). A Leg to Stand On. New York: Harper.
Sadler, Charles King (2007). "Design Guidelines for Effective Hospice Gardens Using Japanese Garden Principles." Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY.
Click HERE to link to a pdf of the thesis.
Abstract: This project will create hospice garden design guidelines using Japanese garden and architectural principles and apply them to an actual site for the purpose of creating a restorative hospice garden. To support this research study a literature and precedent review will determine what has been done. The literature review will investigate healthcare design, hospice garden design, principles of restoration, and Japanese garden architectural principles. Then the study will show why a Japanese garden is a preferred garden type and is applicable to a restorative garden.
This project will also illustrate what constitutes a restorative landscape, using guidelines from the literature review. A precedent review of existing healthcare gardens will bring to light what criteria creates a restorative Healthcare garden design and what design pitfalls to avoid. From the precedent review and literature view design guidelines for creating restorative hospice gardens will be created. These guidelines will then be applied to an exisiting hospice site to create an informed design solution.
Salamy, Virginia (1995). "Healing Gardens: Design Guidelines for Landcape Architects." Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis, Ohio State University.
Santa Fe Cancer Center (2003). "Providing the Best Cancer Care Available: The Santa Fe Cancer Center at St. Vincent Hospital." Ladies' Home Journal, Vol. CXX, No. 9, September, p. 149.
Search, Gay (2001). The Healing Garden: Gardening for the Mind, Body, and Soul. Ontario, Canada: Winding Stair Press.
Shepley, Mardelle McCuskey and Peni Wilson (1999). "Designing for Persons with AIDS: A Post-Occupancy Study at the Bailey-Boushay House." Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, Vol. 16, No. 1, Spring, pp. 17-32.
Sherman, Sandra A., James W. Varni, Roger S. Ulrich, Vanessa L. Malcarne (2004). "Post-occupancy evaluation of healing gardens in a pediatric cancer center." Landscape and Urban Planning,
This article can be purchased at sciencedirect.com: ScienceDirect
Shoemaker, Candice A. (Ed.) (2002). Interaction by Design: Bringing People and Plants Together for Health and Well-Being. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press.
Sleight, Peter F. (2000). "Spiritual Gardening." The Hartford Courant, February 26, p. D3 (book review of Christopher Forrest McDowell and Tricia Clark McDowell's book, The Sanctuary Garden: Creating a Place of Refuge in Your Yard or Garden and Roni Jay's Gardens of the Spirit.
Smith, Jerry (2007). Health and Nature: The Influence of Nature on Design of the Environment of Care. Center for Health Design Position Paper, October. Click here to access a pdf of the paper: http://www.healthdesign.org/advocacy/adgroups/documents/NaturePositionPaper_000.pdf
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Speidel, William (2004). Book review of Shoemaker, Candice A. (Ed.) Interaction by Design. in Landscape Architecture, Vol. 94, No. 1, January, pp. 108-109.
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Stoneham, Jane and Peter Thoday (1996). Landscape Design for Elderly and Disabled People. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Garden Art Press.
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Stoner, Tom and Carolyn Rapp (2008). Open Spaces Sacred Places. Annapolis, MD: TKF Foundation.
Click HERE to go to the TKF website, where you can buy the book and find out more about the organization.
Click HERE to read a review of the book on the Therapeutic Landscapes Database Blog.
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Vanderbilt, Tom (1999). "Shared Wisdom: Design for Child's Play." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 89, No. 3, March, pp. 134-135.
Vapaa, Annalisa Gartman (2002). "Healing Gardens: Creating Places for Restoration, Meditation, and Sanctuary. What are the defining characteristics that make a healing garden?" Master of Landscape Architecture Thesis for Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
Click HERE to link to a pdf of the thesis.
Click here or on the title above to link to a pdf of the thesis..
Abstract: The Òhealing gardenÓ is an evolving concept that is gaining popularity today. What is a healing garden? Why is one garden called a healing garden and not another? How is a healing garden defined? In what way are gardens healing? This thesis describes the ways in which healing gardens are beneficial in healthcare and residential settings. A set of guidelines for the design of healing gardens is created as a result of research findings as well as three design projects that are illustrated in the document.
Verderber, S. (1986). "Dimensions of Person-Window Transactions in the Hospital Environment." Environment and Behavior, Vol. 18, pp. 450-466.
Vittori, Gail and Robin Guenther, FAIA (2007). Sustainable Healthcare Architecture. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Ware, Cheryl (1994). "Practical Guidelines for Designing Healing Gardens at Health Care Facilities." in Mark Francis, P. Lindsey, and J. Rice (Eds.) Healing Dimensions of People-Plant Relations, University of California, Davis: Center for Design Research.
Warner, Sam Bass (1994). "The Periodic Rediscoveries of Restorative Gardens: 1100 to the Present." in Mark Francis, P. Lindsey, and J. Rice (Eds.) Healing Dimensions of People-Plant Relations, University of California, Davis: Center for Design Research.
Westphal, Joanne M. (2000). "Hype, Hyperbole, and Health: Therapeutic Garden Design." In John F. Benson and Maggie H. Rowe (Eds.) Urban Lifestyle: Spaces, Places, People. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
Westphal, Joanne M. (2001). "Medical Musing about Intergeneration Design Phenomena at the 4-H Children's Garden." Landscape Research, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 257-269.
Westphal, Joanne M. (2002). "The Role of the Landscape Architect in American Healthcare Delivery." Landscape Research, Fall.
Wilson, Edward O. (1975). Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Winburn, W. A. (1992). "The Development of Realities of Traditional Town Design." Urban Land, Vol. 51, No. 8, August, pp. 20-21 & 47.
Winterbottom, Daniel (2008). "Garbage to Garden: Developing a Safe, Nurturing, and Therapeutic Environment for the Children of the Garbage Pickers Utilizing an Academic Design/Build Service Learning Module." Children, Youth and Environments, 18(1), pp. 435-455. Click HERE to view or download the PDF.
Winterbottom, Daniel (2007). "Working in the Margins." Landscape Architecture Magazine, Vol. 97, No. 12, December, pp. 38-47. Article about a design/build project for mothers and children at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility in Bedford Hills, NY.
Winterbottom, Daniel (2002). "Building as a Model for Learning." Landscape Journal, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 201-213. (Article about University of Washington Design/Build Class, including several healing gardens).
Woods, Pamela (2002). Gardens for the Soul. New York: Rizzoli International Publications, Inc.
Woy, Joann (1997). Accessible Gardening: Tips & Techniques for Seniors & the Disabled. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books.
Yeoman, Kathleen (1992). The Able Gardener. Pownal, VT: Garden Way.
Zaretsky, Bruce
For articles by and about Bruce Zaretsky, please go to the PEOPLE page and scroll down alphabetically.
Zeisel, John (2005). "Environment, Neuroscience, and Alzheimer's Disease," Alzheimer's Care Quarterly, Vol. 6, No. 4. Also summarized by Research Design Connections in Landscape Architecture Magazine, August 2006, Vol. 96, No. 8, pp. 72-73.
Zeisel, John (1981). Inquiry by Design: Tools for Environment-Behavior Research. Cambridge University Press.
Zeisel, John. "Treatment Effects of Healing Gardens for AlzheimerÕs: A Difficult Thing to Prove." Edinburgh Garden Paper. Click HERE for the pdf of this article.
THE RICHARD BLOCK CANCER PARK DISCUSSION
Rebecca Fish Ewan's article about the Richard Bloch Cancer Parks, in Landscape Architecture magazine, sparked a lively discussion. Here are some of the references from this discussion, listed in chronological order:
Fish Ewan, Rebecca (2003). "Prescription for Healing." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, No. 2, February, pp. 59-65 & 86-88 (article about Richard Bloch's cancer survivors parks).
Speidel, Bill (2003). "Do the Bloch Cancer Parks Really Help?" Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, NO. 3, March, p. 11.
Cekic, Milosav (2003). "Why I Designed Cancer Parks." Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, No. 5, May, pp. 62-68 & 98-100.
Benefield, Trey (2003). "Do Cancer Parks Help?" Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, NO. 6, June, p. 11.
McElmurray, Daniel W. (2003). "Do Cancer Parks Help?" Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, NO. 6, June, pp. 11-12.
Speidel, Bill (2003). "Do Cancer Parks Help? Maybe Not." Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, NO. 7, July, p. 11.
Mahan, Catherine (2003). "Do the Bloch Cancer Parks Help? Two Cancer Survivors Speak Out." Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, NO. 8, August, p. 9.
Marcus, Clare Cooper (2003). "Do the Bloch Cancer Parks Help? Two Cancer Survivors Speak Out." Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, NO. 8, August, pp. 9-10.
Hyler, W. Douglas (2003). "More on Cancer Parks." Letter to the Editor, Landscape Architecture, Vol. 93, NO. 9, September, p. 10.
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